Darfur

The war’s epicenter of atrocity is under near-total RSF control. El Fasher, also spelled Al-Fashir, was besieged from May 2024 and fell in October 2025. It became the site of the massacre that researchers call the largest mass killing of the 21st century. Other key areas include Nyala, the RSF’s de facto Darfur capital, El Geneina, where the 2023 Masalit killings took place, Zalingei, and Ed Daein. The Zamzam famine camp is also central. Full transliteration-variant coverage is essential because Darfur place names fragment heavily across spellings and languages.